The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia region has raised an important healthcare issue that could save lives, calling for sustained efforts to expand vaccine access while warning that millions remain unprotected despite decades of progress in immunization.

It said that over the past 50 years, vaccines have saved more than 154 million lives worldwide, including about 38 million in the region. Immunization has also contributed to a 22% decline in infant mortality.

Catharina Boehme, Officer-in-Charge, WHO South-East Asia said vaccines are among the most effective and affordable health investments, according to the agency, and added that their full impact depends on reaching all populations.

Coverage missing the mark

In 2024, more than 14 million infants globally received no vaccines, while nearly 20 million missed at least one essential dose. These figures point to ongoing challenges in access, particularly among vulnerable and underserved groups.

Boehme said maintaining high immunization coverage is critical, warning that uneven coverage can increase the risk of outbreaks. She cited the measles situation in Bangladesh, where the government, with partner support, is expanding a nationwide measles and rubella campaign targeting 18.03 million children aged six months to five years, including more than 182,000 children in Cox’s Bazar, according to the agency.

Reaching the “Zero-Dose” children

It has been found that about 1.9 million children in the region remain “zero-dose,” meaning they have not received any vaccines. Many live in remote or underserved areas, including informal urban settlements and border regions, and face barriers such as distance, cost, and lack of documentation.

The WHO said reaching these populations requires targeted, data-driven strategies, stronger last-mile delivery systems, and services tailored to community needs.

Boehme said equity remains central to immunization efforts, stressing that reaching underserved populations is a key measure of health system performance.

She also pointed to the importance of trust and community engagement, with health workers serving as the most reliable source of vaccine information and playing a central role in maintaining public confidence.

More diseases covered

The South-East Asia region, home to about a quarter of the global population, has made steady advances through sustained investment. More than 94% of children now receive three doses of DTP-containing vaccine, compared to just 5% during the early years of the Expanded Program on Immunization in the 1970s.

Immunization programs have expanded from covering six diseases to 13 antigens. These efforts have helped eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus, maintain polio-free status since 2014, and advance measles and rubella elimination. Countries have also introduced newer vaccines, including inactivated poliovirus, human papillomavirus, pneumococcal conjugate, and rotavirus vaccines.

The region has become a major global vaccine production hub, supplying nearly half of the world’s vaccines.

Wider immunization sought

As countries face pressures from climate change, urbanization, migration, and financial constraints, immunization remains a foundation of resilient health systems. Vaccines help prevent disease, strengthen emergency preparedness, and reduce antimicrobial resistance by lowering infection rates and the need for antibiotics.

Looking ahead, Boehme called for expanding vaccination across all age groups, including adolescents, adults, and older people, to address shifting health needs.

She said vaccines save lives and added that ensuring universal access is both achievable and necessary for stronger and more resilient societies, according to the WHO.

Vulnerability to illness

It may start with a cough, a rash, or a low-grade fever. Before you know it, your child is home sick instead of being in school and you find yourself juggling work, worry, and wiping noses. Illnesses like hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), measles, and influenza seem to make their rounds every few months. All it takes is a crowded classroom or a birthday party for bugs to spread. These illnesses disrupt routines, sideline little ones for days and impact their learning, appetite, and energy.

“Young children, especially those entering preschool for the first time, can fall sick up to eight to twelve times a year, and this is still within the normal range. Their immune system is like a blank sheet of paper. Over time, their immunity is strengthened as each infection aids in the production of antibodies”.

Older children and adults get sick less often because their immune systems are more matured through years of exposure.

Common childhood infections

In Malaysia, certain infections are particularly common in the tropical climate settings:

• Influenza (A & B) – seasonal spikes are especially common at year-end and during school reopening.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and adenovirus – Frequent cause of persistent cough and cold symptoms.
• HFMD – spreads easily in daycare settings.
• Stomach flu (gastroenteritis) – causing vomiting and diarrhea.
• Dengue – a year-round concern due to mosquitoes.
• Chickenpox and measles – still seen, especially when vaccination coverage dips.

It can be challenging for parents to know when to be concerned because symptoms like cough, fever, and exhaustion frequently coexist.

Ordinary infection or something more serious?

Most infections among healthy children are mild and self-limiting. “If the fever lasts fewer than three days, the child stays active, and they are still able to eat and drink, even with less appetite, it’s likely a mild infection”.

However, parents must know that some symptoms should never be ignored such a fever lasting more than three days, difficulty breathing, unusual drowsiness, persistent vomiting or diarrhea, or a rash that spreads quickly, as they may signal something more serious. “If your child seems increasingly unwell or shows any of these signs, don’t wait. Bring them for a proper check-up. Early action can make all the difference”.

Part of growing up

“Don’t feel guilty when your child falls sick. It’s part of growing up. Watch for warning signs, maintain healthy routines, and trust your instincts. Parents know their child best, if something doesn’t feel right, seek immediate medical help. With the right knowledge and reassurance, parents can navigate these early years with greater confidence and peace of mind.” Dr Ch’ng advises.

An immune disorder?

Although rare, underlying immune problems can cause severe or persistent infections. “A child with immunodeficiency falls sick frequently and severely. They may require frequent hospitalization or develop recurrent virus or fungal infections. Poor weight gain or growth can also be a clue”.
If suspected, pediatricians will conduct blood tests or refer the child to an immunologist for specialized screening. These tests are not routinely done and are only recommended when clear signs appear.

What really affects a child’s immunity?

child’s ability to fight infections is shaped by a mix of factors, including genetics, environment, lifestyle habits and preventive measures.
Some children naturally fall sick more often due to conditions like asthma, eczema or allergies, which make their immune system more reactive. Exposure to second-hand smoke, pollution, or crowded environments can also increase the likelihood of repeated infections.

While genetics can’t be changed, parents can strengthen immunity through healthy habits such as having adequate sleep, regular exercise and outdoor play, balanced and low-sugar diet, sufficient fruits and vegetables intake, vitamin D supplementation and proper hand hygiene.
“Expensive supplements are not necessary. Most children can get what they need from a balanced diet, good sleep and healthy routines”.

Power of prevention

Preventive care plays a vital role in keeping children healthy. The pandemic showed how handwashing, mask-wearing, and avoiding crowds can reduce illness.

Vaccination remains one of the most powerful tools. Routine vaccines have drastically reduced diseases like measles and pertussis, while optional vaccines (rotavirus, hepatitis A, chickenpox) offer extra protection. “Vaccines prevent severe illnesses. When coverage drops, we see outbreaks. Ensuring your child is fully vaccinated is a key part of building long-term immunity”.

Preventive healthcare also includes regular doctor’s visits. “Don’t wait for the child to fall sick before scheduling a doctor’s visit. Growth monitoring, vaccination and developmental screening also help ensure your child is on track with healthy growth, physical milestones and overall wellbeing”.

In Aceh province, damage to roads, bridges and other infrastructure has left several villages inaccessible. The organization also cited Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency report that at least 990 deaths, including children, linked to the floods and landslides.

Aid workers in the affected areas report that many families remain internally displaced and are staying in temporary shelters with limited protection. Children are living in open or makeshift spaces and are exposed to rain, wind and mosquitoes, increasing the risk of illness. Health workers have treated children for coughs, colds and skin conditions, while concerns persist for infants living in inadequate shelter conditions.

Relief efforts have included the distribution of emergency kits, food, mattresses and medicines, as well as the establishment of child friendly spaces that offer psychosocial support through play and creative activities to help children regain a sense of normalcy.

Education has been severely disrupted, with an estimated 250,000 students affected. Children in flood hit areas have been unable to attend school for around two weeks, and hundreds of schools have been damaged by the disaster.

Access to remote areas in Central and North Aceh and Bener Meriah remains a major challenge, with some locations reachable only by air or after hours of walking, according to local partners involved in the response, according to Al Fadhil, Director of the Geutanyo Foundation, Save the Children’s local partner .

Health support, screenings and medicines have reached about 2,500 people so far through coordination between humanitarian groups and provincial health authorities. International aid agencies have worked in Indonesia for decades, responding to major disasters including the 2004 tsunami and the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.

Special Select Committee on Women, Children, and Community Development chairman Yeo Bee Yin said one key recommendation is to empower the National Centre of Excellence in Mental Health.

“The committee has recommended that the government empower NCEMH by increasing the number of medical specialists and psychologists and boosting its funding to address mental health issues among children,” she told the Dewan Rakyat.

She said a strengthened NCEMH should collaborate with the Ministry of Education to conduct regular mental health screenings in schools.

It would also train school staff to identify issues like digital addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder for early referral to health institutions.

The committee also recommended the ministry review educational materials that over-emphasise social conformity.

“Research has shown that cultural norms that stress social conformity and avoiding conflict can contribute to increased social anxiety,” Yeo added.

Other proposals include amending statutory rape laws for equal accountability and expanding efforts to control child sexual abuse materials.

The committee further urged the National Population and Family Development Board to intensify parenting education programmes.

This aims to improve parenting literacy and strengthen family relationships to support children’s emotional well-being.

The committee presented its findings on digital safety and children’s mental health following stakeholder engagements.

Yeo highlighted that 55.7% of children use the internet for one to four hours daily, with 60.7% owning their own devices.

A study of 5,290 teenagers found 3.5% were diagnosed with Internet Gaming Disorder, affecting an estimated 315,000 children nationally.

Among those with the disorder, 48.1% experience severe anxiety, 37.4% suffer from serious depression, and 18.2% endure significant stress.

Yeo also noted that nearly half of all sexual crime cases involving children were linked to early exposure to pornography and explicit digital content.

Furthermore, 30% of child sexual abuse cases at certain rehabilitation centres were due to a lack of control over gadget use. – Bernama

According to the CHP’s latest surveillance data, HFMD clusters in schools and other institutions have increased over the past month. Reported outbreaks rose from 17 cases involving 50 people between October 26 and November 1, to 20 outbreaks (53 people) and 25 outbreaks (61 people) in the following two weeks. Between November 16 and 20, authorities recorded another 16 outbreaks affecting 40 people. Of the 78 outbreaks logged from October 26 to November 20, 82% occurred in child care centers, kindergartens and primary schools.

The CHP noted that consultation rates for HFMD at childcare centers, kindergartens, private clinics, and public hospital emergency departments have remained high since late October.

HFMD symptoms typically include fever, poor appetite, tiredness and sore throat, followed by mouth sores that may turn into ulcers. Most patients recover within seven to 10 days.

CHP Controller Dr. Edwin Tsui said HFMD is commonly caused by enteroviruses such as Coxsackie virus and EV71, and tends to peak in Hong Kong from May to July and again from October to December. He said parents should monitor their children closely as the current level of activity remains elevated.

While most cases are mild, he noted that three severe pediatric enterovirus infections requiring hospital treatment have been recorded this year, although all patients have since recovered.

He added that schools and institutions are more prone to outbreaks because young children are in close contact with one another. He reminded schools to follow the CHP’s Guidelines on Prevention of Communicable Diseases and to report outbreaks promptly. Operators of venues with play facilities were also advised to follow the CHP’s infection-control recommendations for activities involving children under six.

Dr. Tsui also pointed out that alcohol cannot reliably kill certain viruses that cause HFMD, including EV71. Alcohol-based handrubs should not replace washing hands with liquid soap and water.

To prevent HFMD, the public — especially school and institution administrators — are advised to observe the following measures:

• Maintain good air circulation.
• Keep hands clean and wash them properly. Handwashing should be done before meals, after using the toilet, after contact with respiratory secretions such as sneezing, and after handling diapers or stool-soiled materials.
• Cover the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing, and dispose of nasal or oral discharges properly.
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, including furniture, toys and shared items, using a 1:99 diluted household bleach solution (one part bleach with 99 parts water). Leave for 15–30 minutes, then rinse with water and keep dry.
• For visible contamination such as respiratory secretions, vomit or excreta, wipe the area with disposable absorbent towels, then disinfect with a 1:49 diluted bleach solution (one part bleach with 49 parts water). Leave for 15–30 minutes, then rinse with water and keep dry.
• Avoid overcrowded places.
• Keep sick children at home until fever and rashes subside and all blisters have dried and crusted.
– Info.Gov.Hk

He stated that today’s digital world exposes children to various online influences including games affecting emotional stability and mental development.

“Anyone regardless of age can experience mental health problems but vulnerable groups such as children must receive attention and empathy from society.”

“Therefore those facing mental health issues should not be stigmatised but rather supported with access to proper treatment,” he told reporters after officiating the Rahmah Mesra Santuni MADANI Programme at Pantai Jeram.

He added that anyone could face mental health challenges during emotional fluctuations or increased stress whether experiencing anxiety or depression.

Dzulkefly confirmed the Health Ministry implemented several initiatives including the 15555 Hotline and K-Mindset Programme to address mental health concerns.

“Through K-Mindset the government allocated RM21.6 million to train village heads penghulus and religious figures to safeguard community mental health.”

He earlier officiated the 2025 Healthy Lungs and Mind Carnival part of the ministry’s Lung Health Initiative nationwide movement.

The initiative enhances access to screening early treatment and awareness advocacy for lung diseases including COPD asthma and lung cancer.

It now expands nationwide including Selangor through partnerships involving public private and community sectors.

Source – Bernama

The PPCC is envisioned as a place where children can still play, laugh and experience childhood despite serious illness. Parents will be offered respite, while siblings will receive emotional support. The focus will remain on comfort, dignity and quality of life, guided by the belief that every child matters.

Dr. Lee explained that families often lose sight of simple joys such as a child’s laughter or a moment of rest. She said that for parents burdened by endless hospital visits, medical procedures and fatigue, the centre will offer space to breathe and live well even in the midst of illness.

The PPCC will extend the work of the Paediatric Pain and Palliative Care Unit at University Malaya Medical Centre, which has cared for more than 400 children since 2018. Around 60 percent of those patients have passed away, with some receiving support for up to four years, underscoring the ongoing need for psychological and emotional care. Nursing staff from the hospital will be assigned to the centre, and secure access to medical records will ensure continuity of treatment.

With the support of Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya, a house has been secured at a subsidised rent to house the facility. At least RM1 million is still required to set up and equip the centre, of which RM280,000 has already been raised. Dr. Farah noted that the initiative has the potential to reshape the experience of families living with childhood illness and called on Malaysians to help ensure that sickness does not take away the essence of childhood. (Press Release)

When people think of war, the first images that come to mind are usually of bombs, guns, and fighting on the front lines. But what often gets overlooked is what happens to people’s health, especially those who are notin the front lines of combat. War does not only  harm people through physical violence. It also destroys hospitals, blocks access to medicine, disrupts food supply, and leaves people traumatized for years.

Children caught in the shadow of war

When war breaks out, children often lose their parents or get separated from their families. Infants can die from preventable causes, simply because medical care becomes unreachable. Food becomes scarce, and in some cases, weaponized, so children grow up malnourished, which stunts growth, weakens immune systems, and affects learning capabilities.

Mentally, the toll is just as brutal. Children in war zones deal with extreme fear, anxiety, and deep sadness. Some develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that develops when a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event or a series of traumatic events. [1]

In war-torn areas, the risk of death in infancy and orphanhood are high [2] , creating long-term trauma that can shape a child’s life well into adulthood.

Tearing families apart; pushes people to flee

War also drives people to leave their homes—sometimes forever. Some become refugees and cross into other countries. Others stay within their borders and are called internally displaced people. Either way, they’re forced to leave behind everything they know, including schools, jobs, and community support.

The camps where displaced people end up often lack clean water, proper toilets, and good healthcare. That means diseases like cholera, diarrhea, and tuberculosis spread quickly. Aid groups such as United Nations agencies—including the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the World Food Program (WFP), the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)—provide support in the form of food, shelter, and medical care to displaced and affected populations. Yet the needs are immense, and the conditions are often chaotic. [3]

During these times, people are not just running from bullets. They are running to find food, medical care, or shelter. In countries with unstable governments or frequent droughts, people often have no choice but to move, to be able to survive.

Forced human migration, whether during war or peace, often stems from the search for basic needs such as food, shelter, and medical care. Conflict disrupts agriculture and cross-border trade, leading to food scarcity and unsanitary conditions, which drive people to seek aid and sustenance elsewhere. Widespread destruction of homes and communities force families to flee to safer areas. In arid regions, for instance, agro-pastoralist communities migrate seasonally in search of water and pasture due to unpredictable rainfall. Armed conflict also hinders access to medical care, making it dangerous to transport health supplies and pushing people to relocate to areas with more stable healthcare systems. [4]

Health systems break down in conflict zones

It is easy to forget how fragile healthcare systems are until war wipes them out. Hospitals can be bombed, roads blocked, and medical supplies stolen or delayed. Even when clinics are open, getting medicine to the people who need it becomes nearly impossible. Vaccines spoil without refrigeration, and doctors may flee or be overwhelmed.

All of this makes controlling disease outbreaks challenging. Viral diseases  like a flu, measles, or polio can spread rapidly in crowded camps. And when the government or public health system is on the brink of collapse, humanitarian and other international groups step in, but they cannot always fill the gap quickly enough.

Closure of schools, pausing learning

War does not just interrupt school for a few days or weeks. In many cases, children miss out on an entire year or more of learning. Schools are often turned into evacuation centers or temporary shelters, making education impossible. Without access to schooling, children lose a critical foundation for their future.

Young girls face added risks. Many are pulled out of school to care for younger siblings or help at home. Some are forced into early marriage or face teenage pregnancy. Children who become separated from their families are especially vulnerable to abuse and exploitation.

According to UNICEF, more than 473 million children—over one in six globally—now live in areas affected by conflict, as the world experiences the highest number of conflicts since World War II. The share of children living in conflict zones has nearly doubled since the 1990s, rising from around 10 percent to nearly 19% today. In 2023, the UN verified 32,990 grave violations against 22,557 children, the highest number since monitoring began. Thousands of children have already been killed or injured in war-ravaged regions, and this trend is expected to continue.

Girls and women face severe threats, including widespread sexual violence in conflict areas. There were also reported incidents of sexual violence against children have increased by 1,000% this year. Children with disabilities are also more exposed to violence and rights violations during armed conflict.

Education continues to suffer as schools are destroyed, damaged, or repurposed. More than 52 million children in conflict-affected countries are out of school, and countless children have lost access to learning as schools remain unsafe or nonfunctional. [5]

War’s economic impact affects health

Even in places far from the actual fighting, the economic ripples of war can be brutal. Countries dependent on food, fuel, and fertilizers from abroad get hit hard when trade is disrupted. Prices go up, people lose jobs, and governments go into debt. For families in conflict zones, this often means living with nothing. In some areas, minors as young as 15 or 16 years old had to become the breadwinners.

No winners, just survivors

There are a number of major conflicts happening around the world today. Geopolitical tensions, economic wars, and border disputes wield the power to displace people, wreck economies, and tear apart the systems that help people stay alive and healthy.

With health and access to medical care under threat, the root causes of war must be addressed: bad governance, inequality, extremist ideologies, and the lack of peaceful solutions to conflict. Without peace, there is no real chance at good health for millions of people around the world. This phrase never gets old: “Make peace, not war” – for health, for life, for all.

References:

1. War is a public health emergency, Goto, Ryunosuke et al., The Lancet, Volume 399, Issue 10332, 1302
2. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)00479-2/fulltext),
3. ( Kenkoh Nkiese, J., & Kininla Wirba, S. (2024). Perspective Chapter: Armed Conflict and Its Impact on Human Migration – The Healthcare Perspective. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.112791)
4. Kenkoh Nkiese, J., & Kininla Wirba, S. (2024). Perspective Chapter: Armed Conflict and Its Impact on Human Migration – The Healthcare Perspective. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.112791
5. ‘Not the new normal’ – 2024 ‘one of the worst years in UNICEF’s history’ for children in conflict
   – https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/not-new-normal-2024-one-worst-years-unicefs-history-children-conflict

Resource person: Dr Lim Sern Chin, Consultant Paediatrician and Paediatric Rheumatologist at ParkCity Medical Centre

Children face lifelong conditions

When most people think about arthritis or lupus, they picture adults. But for a small number of Malaysian children, these conditions are a part of daily life. Diagnosed with autoimmune diseases such as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), these young patients face silent but life-altering challenges.

In Malaysia, JIA affects an estimated 3 to 5 out of every 100,000 children, while SLE is more common in Southeast Asia than in Western countries. Alarmingly, up to 20% of childhood autoimmune cases in Malaysia involve severe complications at diagnosis, often due to delayed detection.

Though rare, autoimmune diseases in children can range from mild and short-lived to chronic and systemic. Early recognition is key to avoiding complications and improving outcomes.

Recognising the early signs

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. In children, these can take many forms—including Henoch-

Schonlein Purpura (a rare inflammation of blood vessels), Kawasaki disease (affecting the heart), Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and systemic illnesses like JIA and SLE.

Parents should watch for warning signs like swollen joints, unexplained rashes, chronic fatigue, or frequent fevers. “If something seems off and doesn’t go away, don’t wait. Bring your child to see a doctor.”

Explaining a new diagnosis to a child can be difficult. Use simple, age-appropriate language and encourage open communication. Let them ask questions and express their fears without judgment.

Parents also need to challenge myths. Arthritis is not just an old person’s disease, and autoimmune conditions are neither contagious nor caused by lifestyle choices. With today’s treatments, many children can lead active, fulfilling lives.

Creating a supportive home routine

Managing symptoms such as pain or fatigue requires more than just medication—it also takes a nurturing home environment. Dr Lim emphasises that sticking to prescribed treatments is essential, as symptoms tend to worsen without proper care.

Gentle physical activity, such as swimming or stretching, can improve strength, flexibility, and mood. A consistent sleep schedule and limited screen time before bed also contribute to better overall well-being.

While no specific diet has been proven to cure autoimmune diseases, a balanced diet with minimal processed food is always advisable. For photosensitive conditions like SLE, sun protection is crucial—think hats, sunscreen, and long sleeves.

Parental mindset plays a powerful role. Doubting treatment or expressing fear around medication can influence a child’s attitude. Instead, stay aligned with the care plan and model confidence in the process.

Advocating for your child

School can pose additional hurdles. Fatigue, pain, or frequent medical appointments may lead to missed classes or learning gaps.
Parents should work closely with teachers to develop practical accommodations—ergonomic seating, extended time for tests, or flexible PE participation. Advocate for solutions like relocating classrooms to more accessible floors or allowing in-school medication administration.

Help your child stay socially connected, too. Encourage participation in activities when they’re able. If physical meetups aren’t possible, suggest video calls or small group playdates to maintain friendships.

Support groups can also be a lifeline. They offer understanding, shared strategies, and a sense of connection for both children and their families.

Staying active without overdoing It

Physical activity remains important, even after diagnosis. Activities like swimming, walking, cycling, and yoga help preserve mobility and build strength. Physiotherapy tailored to joint health can also be helpful.

At the same time, rest is essential. Parents should learn to recognise signs of fatigue or pain and encourage children to listen to their bodies. Teach them it’s okay to speak up and take breaks when needed.

Caring for emotional health

Living with a chronic illness can affect a child’s mental health. They may experience anxiety, sadness, or withdrawal. Be alert to changes in mood, sleep, eating habits, or self-esteem.

Create a safe space for them to share how they feel. Celebrate small victories—whether it’s a good day, taking medicine without complaint, or completing a school task. Simple praise, small rewards, or special outings can boost morale and motivation.

Including the whole family

Siblings and extended family play a key role in support. Honest, respectful conversations help everyone understand the condition and avoid unintentional hurtful comments.

Encourage siblings to voice their feelings, and involve them in caregiving when appropriate. This fosters inclusion and reduces feelings of resentment or neglect.

Parenting through the unexpected

It’s natural for parents to feel overwhelmed—or even guilty. But these conditions are complex and not caused by anything you did or didn’t do.
Acknowledge your feelings and don’t hesitate to seek help. Focus on what you can do. “Take it one day at a time. Celebrate the small wins. And most importantly, treasure the time you have with your child.”

In a world that expects children to be carefree, those with autoimmune diseases show a different kind of strength. With early care, consistent treatment, and emotional support, they can live full, joyful lives—growing up strong, brave, and thriving.

Heat-safe holiday

It’s that time of year when people feel the need to unwind by going on vacation and reconnect with the elements of nature—water, land, mountains, and lush forests.

Many holiday makers are heading to Asia for its beaches, food, tropical climate, and warm, welcoming people. But one thing that can throw a wrench in your outdoor plans? The heat and humidity. If you are not ready for it, the hot, sticky air in tropical countries can really take the fun out of your day.

So, if you are planning a trip to Asia, do not underestimate the heat. Whether you are checking out temples in Thailand, hopping between islands in the Philippines, strolling through markets in Vietnam, soaking in culture in Cambodia and Indonesia, or hunting down the best street food in Malaysia, the combination of high humidity and blazing sun can drain you quickly. Staying hydrated is not just a good idea—it should be high on your safety list.

When it’s hot and sticky, your body sweats more to cool down. That means you are losing water even when you are not moving much. Add sightseeing, hiking, or beach days into the mix, and dehydration can hit before you realize it. Common signs include dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, or headaches. Do not wait until you are thirsty; by then, you are already on your way to dehydration.

So, what should you do? These quick tips will help you beat the heat and stay safe on your trip.

• Drink water regularly, not just during meals or when you are thirsty. Carry a reusable bottle and refill often. Coconut water is a great option—refreshing and packed with electrolytes. If you drink tea or coffee, remember they can be dehydrating, especially in the heat. Balance them with extra water.

• Skip heavy, greasy meals and opt for lighter, water-rich foods like fruit, salads, and broths. Watermelon, cucumber, and oranges are perfect for the heat.

• Dress light and smart. Choose breathable, loose-fitting clothes in light colors to help regulate your temperature. Do not forget a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses—sun protection is key to avoiding overheating.

• Take breaks in the shade or indoors with aircon or fan, especially from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. If you are sweating a lot or in the sun, add oral rehydration salts or electrolyte drinks to stay hydrated.

• Avoid the booze. Alcohol and heat do not mix. If you are having drinks on the beach, sip water between rounds. Your body will thank you the next day.

• Apply sunscreen. Broad-spectrum sunscreens with high SPF are more effective at blocking harmful UV rays and protecting skin hydration. Many sunscreens contain emollients, oils, and humectants that reinforce the skin’s protective barrier, lock in moisture, and prevent dryness. By reducing moisture loss, sunscreens help keep skin hydrated under sun exposure. They also help regulate body temperature by preventing sunburn and minimizing inflammation, which reduces sweating and fluid loss, indirectly supporting hydration.

If you are travelling with young children, try these tips

• Offer frequent water sips. Children lose more fluids in hot climates, so offer water often—even if they do not ask.

Remember to use safe, sealed bottled or treated water. Avoid tap water and ice made from it unless confirmed safe, and use only clean water for brushing teeth.

• Breastfed infants. Keep breastfeeding on demand—breast milk provides essential hydration and electrolytes. For babies over 6 months, offer small sips of boiled, cooled water along with breast milk or formula.

• Avoid sugary or caffeinated drinks. Drinks high in sugar or caffeine (like sodas, sports drinks, and energy drinks) can worsen dehydration and pose health risks, so it’s best to avoid them.

• Offer infused water or cold fluids. Keep water cold with ice cubes or frozen fruit to enhance flavor and encourage drinking. Add fresh fruit slices or freeze fruit in cubes for a tastier, sugar-free option.

• Set up regular “water breaks”. Set routines or reminders for kids to drink water throughout the day, especially before and during outdoor activities.

Your vacation is meant to be fun—not spent recovering from heat exhaustion. Stay cool, drink up, and enjoy your trip without burning out.