Inside the brain: Myths and facts about brain tumours
A story of vision saved
Modern treatments, early detection and public awareness are giving new hope to brain tumour patients and their families. Dr Ravindran Karuppiah, Consultant Neurosurgeon at ParkCity Medical Centre, uncovers the facts, dispels the myths, and highlights the life-changing impact of early detection and evolving treatments.
Among Dr Ravindran’s many patients, one young woman’s case stands out.
“She came in complaining of persistent vision problems. An MRI revealed a benign tumour pressing against her optic nerve,” he recalls. “Thanks to early detection and precise endoscopic surgery, we were able to preserve her vision and avoid major complications.”
Her story highlights the importance of not ignoring subtle or lingering symptoms. “It’s a reminder that early action can preserve function, and in some cases, save lives,” he says.
Brain tumours may be rare, but the impact they have is profound. Myths and fear can often cloud our understanding, but as Dr Ravindran’s insights show, there is reason for hope. With early detection, cutting-edge technology, and a holistic approach to care, patients are living longer, recovering better, and reclaiming their lives.
“The most important thing anyone can do,” Dr Ravindran concludes, “is to listen to their body, stay informed, and never hesitate to seek medical advice. Early detection isn’t just about survival, it’s about preserving quality of life.”
A dreaded condition but what is it, really?
A diagnosis of a brain tumour is often met with dread. The term alone often brings fear, mainly because of common myths or misconceptions, limited public awareness, and the silent nature of many symptoms. But behind that fear is a clearer picture, one that includes medical advancement, patient resilience, and the vital role of early intervention.
In Malaysia, brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers account for about 1.7% of newly diagnosed cancer cases, according to Malaysian data from the Global Cancer Observatory with an incidence of 1.26 per 100,000 people annually, citing data from the 2012-2016 Malaysia National Cancer Registry. Among children under 14, the rate is estimated at 2 per 100,000.
A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or surrounding areas. “Brain tumours can be classified as benign or malignant,” explains Dr Ravindran. “Benign tumours like meningiomas tend to grow slowly and don’t spread, but they can still cause significant symptoms due to the pressure they exert on nearby brain structures. Malignant tumours, such as glioblastomas, are cancerous, grow rapidly, and can invade nearby tissues.”
Tumours are also categorised as primary, arising directly within the brain, or secondary, when cancer spreads from another part of the body to the brain.
Are brain tumours on the rise?
Although brain tumours are less common compared to other cancers, Malaysia has seen a noticeable increase in diagnosed cases. This, however, may not signal an actual rise in prevalence.
“With greater public awareness and wider availability of advanced imaging tools like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans, more cases are being detected early,” says Dr Ravindran. “People are more likely to investigate persistent symptoms today than they were 20 years ago.”
Dispelling the myths
Brain tumours are surrounded by misconceptions, many of which delay diagnosis or cause unnecessary panic. “One common myth is that a headache means you have a brain tumour,” Dr Ravindran shares.
“But headaches are a very nonspecific symptom. They only become worried if they are accompanied by visual disturbances, speech difficulties, weakness, or numbness in the limbs.”
Another popular misconception is that brain surgery leads to personality changes or loss of function. “Modern medical technology has dramatically changed the landscape,” he says. “Surgical precision today is far greater, and outcomes are much improved. Patients are now recovering faster and with fewer complications.”
And what about mobile phones? “There’s no solid evidence that normal mobile phone use significantly increases the risk of brain tumours,” he affirms. “This concern often comes up, but the data just doesn’t support it at this time.”
Causes
In most cases, the exact cause remains unknown.
“Most brain tumours are sporadic,” Dr Ravindran explains. “But a small number are linked to genetic conditions like neurofibromatosis, a disorder that causes tumours to grow on nerves throughout the body, including the brain. Exposure to ionising radiation is also a known risk factor.”
While lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, or stress are important for overall well-being, they do not have a direct, proven link to brain tumour development. A healthy lifestyle can support better outcomes during recovery and treatment.
When to seek help
One of the most powerful tools in improving outcomes is early detection. But recognising the signs can be tricky.
“Brain tumours don’t always present in the same way,” says Dr Ravindran. “Some common red flags include persistent headaches, seizures, blurred vision, weakness in the arms or legs, speech difficulties, and unexplained personality changes.”
If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it is best to seek medical advice. “A timely consultation and imaging can make all the difference,” he adds.
Breakthroughs in treatment technology
Neurosurgery has come a long way over the years, with major advancements in how brain tumours are diagnosed and treated. “We now use high-resolution MRI and functional imaging to precisely locate and assess brain tumours,” Dr Ravindran shares. “Neuronavigation systems, intraoperative MRI, and intraoperative nerve monitoring help guide our surgeries in real time.”
He also highlights the rise of less invasive techniques such as awake craniotomy and keyhole surgery using advanced endoscopic equipment. “These approaches have shortened hospital stays and reduced recovery time. In many cases, patients can return to normal life much sooner than expected.”
Other advancements include improved radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and a team-based approach that looks after every aspect of patient care, from diagnosis to rehabilitation.
Life after surgery
Surgery is only one part of the journey. Post-operative care and long-term support play a critical role in recovery.
“Recovery is a team effort,” Dr Ravindran stresses. “Patients may need physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, depending on the affected brain areas. Follow-up imaging is essential to monitor for recurrence.”
Just as important is the emotional aspect. “Mental health support is vital. The diagnosis alone can be overwhelming, not just for patients, but for their families too,” he says. “Counselling and psychological support are integral to a patient’s quality of life.”
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