WHO: Zika no longer an international emergency, still a global health threat
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared that Zika virus is no longer an international emergency. However, the organization stressed that it still remains as a global public health threat and so a long-term effort to address the virus is still needed.
Officials on WHO’s Emergency Committee warned the virus, which has been found in 60 countries since the outbreak was identified last year in Brazil, will continue to spread where mosquitoes that carry the virus are present.
Removing the international emergency designation will put Zika in a class with other diseases, such as dengue, that pose serious risks and require continued research, including efforts to develop effective vaccines.
WHO in February declared Zika a public health emergency of international concern – a designation under international law that compels countries to report outbreaks. The move was part of an effort to determine if Zika was linked to reports in Brazil of the severe birth defect microcephaly and the neurological disorder Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Traditionally, Zika had only been thought to cause mild symptoms.
That goal has been met, said Dr. David Heymann, chair of the Zika Emergency Committee and a professor of infectious disease at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, in a conference call with reporters following the committee meeting in Geneva.
Because research has now shown that Zika and microcephaly are linked, “the committee felt that what is best now is a very robust technical response to the virus, and that would require work within WHO,” he said.
The health agency maintained recommendations including that people exposed to the Zika virus should take preventive measures for six months to avoid sexual transmission.
“It remains crucially important that pregnant women avoid traveling to areas with local transmission of Zika, because of the devastating complications that can occur in fetuses that become infected during pregnancy,” the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) said in a statement.
However, some public health experts expressed concern that losing the “international emergency” designation might result in less support and slow down research into the virus, which continues to cause infections in the US and elsewhere.
Lawrence Gostin, a global health law expert from Georgetown University in the US, said the international response to Zika has been “lethargic” and WHO’s decision will give countries even less reason to invest in preparedness and research.
At the press conference, Dr. Peter Salama, executive director of WHO’s Health Emergencies Program, insisted that WHO is “not downgrading the importance of Zika.”
By framing Zika as a longer program of work, Salama said, “we are sending the message that Zika is here to stay and WHO’s response is here to stay in a very robust manner.”
Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious diseases expert at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in the US, said public health emergency declarations help direct the world’s attention to a disease, and the Zika emergency designation accomplished that goal.
But much work remains to be done, including the development of a vaccine, he added. The removal of the emergency declaration “doesn’t change that fact.”
There have been some 2,300 confirmed cases worldwide of babies born with microcephaly, most in Brazil, but the figure is most likely a “significant under-estimate”, Salama said. He also added that 28 countries and territories have now reported microcephaly and 19 countries have reported Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
He said it is “very likely we will see many reports of microcephaly, including countries in Latin America such as Guatemala and Colombia.”
The US CDC said WHO’s announcement does not change the urgent need to better understand Zika’s impact on fetuses and infants, to develop better diagnostics and to make vaccines that can prevent infection and spread of disease.
Category: Education, Health alert
