Opioid pain relief varies by patient; key gene identified – Study
A University of Calgary–led study has identified a genetic factor that may explain why opioid pain medications provide strong relief for some patients while offering little benefit—or greater risk—to others.
Published in Neuron, the international research found that differences in a gene known as RUNX1 affect how individuals respond to opioids, including how well the drugs reduce pain, how much medication is needed, and the likelihood of side effects such as withdrawal symptoms and dependence. Lead investigator Dr. Tuan Trang, PhD, a professor at the Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), explained that recognizing patients who are unlikely to respond well to opioids, or who may be more vulnerable to dependence, could allow clinicians to make earlier decisions about alternative pain treatments, closer follow-up, or dose adjustments.
The team analyzed genetic data from patients who underwent jaw and abdominal surgeries and found that some RUNX1 variants were linked to higher opioid requirements, while others were associated with more intense withdrawal. First author and pediatric neurology resident Dr. Heather Leduc-Pessah said the findings reflect the growing importance of tailoring medical care to a patient’s genetic profile.
Orthopedic surgeon and CSM clinical professor Dr. Paul Salo said clinicians have long observed unpredictable opioid responses and that genetic screening could reduce complications and improve safety. Together with laboratory findings, the study points toward more individualized and cautious opioid prescribing.
Category: Education
