HIV epidemic is smaller than UN estimates
Anti-AIDS drugs have helped save 19 million years of human life since 1996, said an analysis Tuesday which also slashed U.N. estimates for HIV deaths and disease by a quarter.
“The HIV epidemic is smaller than estimated by UNAIDS,” wrote the team which had reviewed data contained in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
“The overall amount of ill-health and premature death resulting from HIV (is) roughly 25 percent lower than the latest estimate provided by UNAIDS in 2012,” added a statement carried by The Lancet medical journal, which published the results of the probe.
The analysis by a team of international researchers tracked the rate of new infections, deaths and numbers of people living with HIV, tuberculosis and malaria in 188 countries over the period 1990 to 2013.
They found the world’s malaria burden, while shrinking, was probably larger than World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates, while new tuberculosis infections continued their decline.
The U.N. seeks to halt the spread of the three diseases by 2015 under its Millennium Development Goals, designed to improve the lot of the world’s poor.
“Slow but important progress” had been made, the study found.
There were 1.8 million new HIV infections in 2013, compared to the highest-ever 2.8 million recorded in 1997, and 1.3 million HIV deaths compared to 1.7 million at the epidemic’s mortality peak in 2005.
Each Extra Year ‘a bargain’
“Cumulatively, 19.1 million years of life have been saved since 1996” — 13.4 million in developing countries, said the authors.
These are calculated as the total number of years that people lived instead of dying from HIV/AIDS thanks to prevention measures and virus-suppressing drugs.
The cost was calculated at US$4,498 per year of life added, “which we think is a bargain,” study co-author William Heisel of the University of Washington’s Institue for Health Metrics and Evaluation, told AFP.
Donors spent US$7.7 billion on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in 2011.
With ever-better access to drugs, the number of people living with HIV rose steadily to about 29 million in 2012, said the review.
The global rate of new HIV infections among children was down 62.4 percent from its highest level in 2002.
The team’s HIV mortality estimates were 27 percent lower than those of UNAIDS for 2005 and 14.5 percent for 2012, they wrote.
Prevalence estimates were 17.1 percent lower than the agency’s in 2005 and 18.7 percent lower in 2012.
“We gathered more data than had ever been analyzed before and we took a different approach than UNAIDS has in previous reports,” Heisel explained by email.
The discrepancies also illustrated the dearth of data in many countries.
The review found new malaria cases and deaths declined steadily from 2004 as funding for treatment rose to US$11.3 billion between 2000 and 2011.
There were 165 million new malaria cases and 855,000 deaths in 2013, down from a peak of 232 million new cases in 2003 and 1.2 million deaths in 2004.
The new number was higher than the 627,000 deaths estimated by the WHO in 2013, said the authors.
The number of tuberculosis deaths fell from 1.6 million in 2000 to 1.4 million in 2013.
There were 7.5 million new TB infections in 2013 and 12 million people living with the disease.
The authors said the interventions were clearly working, but had to be scaled up.
The findings are to be presented Tuesday at the 20th International AIDS conference taking place in Melbourne.
Source: The China Post
Published: 23 July 2014
